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station this is Houston are you ready

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Houston this is station we are ready for

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the event Metropolitan Arts Institute

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this is Mission Control Houston police

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call station for a voice check station

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this is Metropolitan Arts Institute in

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hello we hear you loud and clear how do

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you hear us very well thank you thank

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you for speaking with us today it's a

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real pleasure or glad to have you on

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board

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welcome to expedition 34 we'll get

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started with the questions

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Andrew hello my name is Andrew Kendall

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and this question is for Chris Hadfield

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what do you consider the most vital

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component in an astronaut skillset

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the most vital component an astronaut's

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skillset for me I think its competence

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the fundamental key that everyone counts

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and everyone else for is competence when

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it comes right down to it you have spent

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the time you've done the homework you've

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practiced you've got the skillset inside

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so that you can do the required work as

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necessary everything else is good but

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without competence we're setting

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ourselves up for for real problems thank

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you hi my name is Felix and my question

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is also for Chris Hadfield how does zero

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hey thanks for the question I just

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happen to have brought my guitar with me

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right here this is a nice standard

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acoustic guitar six string metal string

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the difference of course is you don't

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need a strap because it just floats in

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front of you the strings behave about

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the same but it can resonate really well

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because it's not deadened against your

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body and it sounds about right here

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so it sounds alright

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as you see though as I'm playing it I

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kind of need to brace it mice against my

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body a little bit because the guitar

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wants to float around and if I want a

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bar chord then I've got to stabilize the

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guitar but you get used to it and it's

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nice not having to carry the weight

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around your neck and it's just wonderful

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to be able to play guitar as another

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human way to try and understand this

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incredible new experience of leaving the

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earth thank you hi my name is Sam

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Proctor and this question is for Tom

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Marshburn evidence shows that after a

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time and space black environment a human

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psyche can be stretched a few inches

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have you experienced this or other

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general changes to your body due to

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zero-gravity well you've been doing your

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homework that's true our bodies do

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stretch our spinal columns elongate the

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little cushions between the bones get

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more fluid in them because gravity is

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not squishing them down so we don't

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really feel it some astronauts get a

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little bit of back pain from the muscles

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stretching from that effect but we don't

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really feel it but just a couple of

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weeks ago we checked to make sure we fit

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in our our seats

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our Soyuz seats to make sure we can

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still fit in them when it's time to come

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home so we still seemed to fit very well

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so you have to measure it with a some

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kind of measuring device to notice that

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but yeah you feel lots of changes in

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your body our legs get skinnier our

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gastrointestinal system our stomach and

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intestines have to get used to it so

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we're back to normal as far as that goes

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just after arriving here but then you

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feel fluid in your head and that never

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really goes away the whole time so you

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feel that change as well but other than

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that your body is a wonderful machine

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it's capable of adapting really well

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we're gonna feel a lot of the changes

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again we get back to earth and we'll

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have to readapt great thank you very

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much hello my name is Sarah Prince my

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question is for Chris do you ever feel

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overwhelmed or intimidated by the deep

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vastness of empty space just beyond your

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that's really interesting question you

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would not believe Tom and I have both

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been outside on spacewalks where you put

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on a suit and go outside and that's

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probably where you feel that profound

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feeling more than ever because it's just

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you alone in the universe and you're in

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between the earth pouring by on one side

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and everything else all the blackness on

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the other side and you're maybe just

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holding onto the space station with one

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hand but for me it wasn't at all scary

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it was hugely exhilarating it was just a

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fantastically rewarding experience to be

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able to be in between those two things

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like literally with your body but also

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sort of historically as we are starting

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to leave Earth permanently as a species

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living on more than one planet and these

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are the very early steps so for me every

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time I look out there just feels me with

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a great sense of wonder and excitement

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of the things that you're going to be

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thank you hi my name is Amelia Atteberry

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my question is for Chris Hadfield what

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is the mistake you've made aboard the

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Miglia I was taking pictures with one of

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these cameras and we noticed in all of

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the images that there was a little bit

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of dirt like a little speck on the

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picture so I thought okay time to clean

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the camera so I got it the procedure and

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got this special pencil sort of thing

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that you reach inside you actually touch

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the sensor in the camera and it's Dayton

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you know you don't want to scratch the

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sensor but there I could see some dust

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that had floated onto it so I opened up

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very carefully reached in

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super-expensive cameras you know when

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they're how we photograph everything I

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reached inside I touched it and it left

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a great big scratchy smear on the sensor

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and I thought what did I do so I tried

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again carefully thinking maybe I just

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put something on there and it made it

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worse and I just had this horrible if if

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your stomach could sink without gravity

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I had like a stomach sinking feeling so

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I stopped doing what I was doing and I

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went and talked to our commander who's

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Kevin Ford and said Kevin I think I've

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wrecked a camera I feel terrible but he

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said no wait wait let me have a look

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and he's had more experience he's been

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up here longer than I have and he looked

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in he got to pencil in he realized you

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could touch it a little more got another

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pencil that we had or it's really a

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little we call it a pencil but it's a

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special cleaner and that helped clean up

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and it was really just sort of some

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residue I'd put in there I hadn't really

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scratched it so the day was saved and

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what I really learned from it was one be

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careful what you're doing follow the

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procedures to ask for help from other

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crew members and three even when

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something looks bad it's probably not as

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bad as you think and you just need to

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work together and solve it so it was a

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all right thank you hi my name is

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Scarlett bakerton and I'm speaking on

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behalf of Alexa rose to the both of you

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what are your favorite space related

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all right well when I was nine years old

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so a good bit younger than you I went to

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see a movie you may have heard of it I

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may have actually seen it it's called

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2001 a Space Odyssey I think if you saw

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it today you'd think it's a little bit

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funny a little bit strange and maybe a

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little outdated with the special effects

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but at the time it was at the cutting

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edge of special-effects actually a lot

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of space movies nowadays still draw from

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the techniques that were used in that

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movie and it was filled me with a sense

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of wonder I didn't understand it but I

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remember the visual image is impressing

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me very much after that movie my

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favorite favorite planet became Jupiter

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and my the whole idea of being in space

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of being away from the earth in the

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deepness of space was something that

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became ingrained in my psyche and

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something I wanted to find out more

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about ever since then Chris for me you

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know there's lots of movies that are

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like anything that you're you know a lot

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about when you see a movie off and they

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think of all the details wrong and it

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kind of spoils it for you but for me the

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best one is Apollo 13 they came and they

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spent time with us in Houston and in

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Florida they really tried to get the

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details right and I think they did a

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great job of telling the story of

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spaceflight and of what it's like to be

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an astronaut in some tough circumstances

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I think Apollo 13 is also a really good

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space movie

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very cool thank you hello my name is

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Jared Romero my question is for tom

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marshburn what are some basic space laws

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put in place for those serving aboard

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the ISS well it's a good question we

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actually do have a series of laws we

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call it a code of conduct between

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international company countries now keep

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in mind that countries have gotten

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together to decide who is going to be on

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the space station we can't have all

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countries represented all the time so

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that's a complicated plan that's brought

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up and then on top of that you have a

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commander and so that commander could be

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from from any country and those

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commanders have to hand over one to the

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other as we switch crew to crew so there

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are very specific laws as to who's in

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charge that is the commander and what

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modules people are in charge of that

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they are specifically taken care of the

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Russians in general take care of all the

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technical details on the Russian side

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the u.s. we have the u.s. lab and our

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other modules Columbus would be a

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European astronaut and the Japanese Kibo

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where we are right now Japanese module

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typically would be a Japanese astronaut

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if they happen to be on board and Chris

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as a Canadian will be the first Canadian

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commander on board the space station

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when we start expedition 35 so this is

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series of complicated laws to make sure

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we know who's in charge and to know what

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our responsibilities are and it's all

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written down we've got it all worked out

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and seems to work pretty well thank you

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hi my name is Jack Morris and my

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question is for Chris Hadfield if any

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form of assuming you simulated gravity

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was created would have benefit the ISS

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yeah we actually have artificial gravity

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on the space station we have centrifuges

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for a lot of the experiments you

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actually need some gravity like if we're

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doing blood work you need to spin the

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blood so that the heavy particles

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settled to the bottom so you can do the

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science right so we have small spinning

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centrifuges in our science racks on

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board so that we can we can do some

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certain types of things but one of the

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biggest benefits of the space station is

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that it doesn't have gravity you can do

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things here that are impossible to do on

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the earth and that's what most of the

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experiments do so to have gravity would

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kind of just make this a regular

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laboratory and not a unique laboratory

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for all of humanity

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it might make our lives a little easier

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if we had gravity but if you ever tried

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flying in weightlessness you'd realize

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that even though there's some

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disadvantages the advantages outweigh it

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is such a constant treat to be

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weightless that I'm really pleased that

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we haven't figured out artificial

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gravity yet and that we have the chance

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to be weightless for months and months

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it's just it's like it's like a toy that

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never winds down or like a present that

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constantly unwraps it's lovely being

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weightless

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thank you hi my name is Joseph medulla

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and this question is for Tom Marshburn

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what experiments have you participated

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in that you think have most benefitted

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you know that is a really difficult

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question to answer because all of them

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play a part in benefiting space travel

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which ends up benefiting humankind as

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well you know Chris and I have done a

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bunch of experiments I've on material

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science developing new materials those

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will probably play a part someday in not

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only earth-based applications but for

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spaceflight and new spaceships we've got

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all kinds of experiments on the outside

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being bombarded by the Sun and by cosmic

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rays and radiation and they're testing

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the Harding the hardening of those

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materials for spaceflight applications

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I'm a medical doctor a little bit biased

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I think the most important thing we've

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figured out is how to keep humans

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healthy onboard the space station we

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have wonderful exercise devices both

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resistive and cardiovascular exercise

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devices we've been able to maintain our

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bone and muscle like we've never been

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able to do before so there's almost no

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loss of bone at all and so we're

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extending the capability of humans to

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live in space so that we can go out for

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long long periods of time maybe a year

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or longer to you know an asteroid Moon

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Mars or even beyond that so that's what

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I would say hi my name is Ethan Kraft

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Chris what everyday activities on earth

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yeah Tom and I were talking about this

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earlier in fact a lot of things that are

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easy on earth are hard here and things

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that are hard on Earth are easy here but

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just simple stuff I mean you want to

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wash your hair it's you know it's it's

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more cutting your teeth you know you

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don't have a sink you don't have running

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water tying up your shoes is hard like

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just just picture if I want to tie up my

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shoe and I start doing in one shoe and

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then suddenly I'm floating away across

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the room and bouncing into things and

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and so stuff you take for granted stuff

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that you need to have a stable body for

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those are hard the simple mundane ways

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of life preparing food is complicated

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you know often when you're preparing

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food you add a little salt little pepper

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some spices put a little cheese fry this

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up throw it cut up grate up things peel

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things all of that creates waste and

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stuff floating all over the place and

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normally when we eat we eat one thing at

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a time so you heat up your vegetables

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you start your vegetable you finish your

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vegetable you throw it away then you get

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your meat you do that because it's much

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it's hard to keep four packages open at

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once so all the little stuff eating do

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it help your shoes all that well one

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thing that's really cool when you put

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your pants on here you can put on your

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Thanks hi my name is Taylor coupon and

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my question is also for Chris how long

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do you think it will be until we can

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travel to the moon like we travel

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you know I bet people were asking that

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exact same question a hundred years ago

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about airplanes you know airplanes were

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pretty new back then they were safe

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enough but there weren't like airlines

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yet and most people that flew airplanes

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then were taking a chance it had to be

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specially trained and there were a lot

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of risks involved just just a hundred

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years ago just like one long human

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lifetime ago and people were probably

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asking when can we like getting one of

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these things and you know fly from

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London to Paris or fly from from Phoenix

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to New York when can we actually do

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something with these things and now now

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look at it you don't even think about it

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right that when you get on an airplane

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you kind of mostly worried about whether

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they feed you and what movie you might

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see you aren't worried about the

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technology anymore and the reason we

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made that transition was because of

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human inventions we went from high drag

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very rickety engines in through to low

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drag and NASA NASA's predecessor did a

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lot of work on it

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making airplane streamline and engines

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engine technology was the big change

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coming up with reliable jet engines and

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that's what we need to answer your

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question before one to the moon is like

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like taking a trip across the Atlantic

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we need I think in the next level of

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rocket technology for engines because it

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right now to get us here we can do it

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but it's hard to keep it safe and

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therefore it's still very complex and

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expensive and takes years of training

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but I think a couple generations of

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invention of rocket technology hopefully

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someone there in Phoenix right now is

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thinking about it what could we do

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different come up with a new invention

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so that not only could you guys come and

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live and work on a space station but get

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to the moon pretty quickly just as we've

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learned to travel all around the surface

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thank you hello my name is Daisy pinky

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and my question is for Tom Marshburn do

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you find that your natural reflexes are

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that's an interesting question yeah the

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way I would answer that is to say my

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natural reflexes change when I come into

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space I think it happens to all of us so

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they would have to change again when I

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go back to earth for instance the reflex

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when you want to throw a ball you on

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earth if you want to have it get some

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good distance you have to throw it up a

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little bit so it makes a big arc but in

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space it's completely different so we

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are now used to being able to throw

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things slowly and carefully but in a

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straight line and that's a natural

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reflex it's going to have to change when

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we get back to earth a number of

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astronauts tend to go with their natural

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reflexes sometimes for the first few

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days and drop a lot of things I know

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after my shuttle flight I dropped a

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couple of glasses of water so those

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reflexes that work just great up here

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are gonna have to change again when we

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get back to earth and so yeah our

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natural reflexes will readapt when we

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get home I'm gonna hand it back to miss

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mess tech now my name is Izzy Ramos to

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Tom Marshburn have you or anyone you

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know suffers from physiological

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a lot of physiological effects yes but

436
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also perhaps some psychological as well

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and one of the things people will have

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to do is once they've been away

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it's not just unique to space but for

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anyone that's been away from their

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family for a long period of time and

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their friends is to readapt you know my

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00:19:07,190 --> 00:19:05,580
family has been having it's their own

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lives and doing wonderful things on the

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00:19:10,789 --> 00:19:09,120
earth we miss each other we keep in

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touch a little bit well when I get back

447
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I'm going to be integrated back into the

448
00:19:15,770 --> 00:19:14,250
family and it's gonna you know maybe

449
00:19:19,460 --> 00:19:15,780
take a little while for them get getting

450
00:19:20,860 --> 00:19:19,470
used to me being around again so that's

451
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probably the most difficult

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psychological effect I don't know there

453
00:19:26,570 --> 00:19:25,200
have been profound effects although you

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know having a chance as Chris was

455
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describing to look out and see the

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blackness of space to get just an

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inkling of our perhaps of our place in

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the cosmos is a very profound thing and

459
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I think over the years and years I know

460
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after my shuttle flight three or four

461
00:19:42,770 --> 00:19:41,250
years ago I've always thought about that

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what the space looked like and what the

463
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earth looked like from our vantage point

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and that's actually a wonderful

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psychological effect I wish everyone in

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the world could have we might reduce a

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lot of our problems on the earth if

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everyone could see that so those are the

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facts I anticipate when I get home thank

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you I'm gonna hand it back to miss

471
00:20:05,779 --> 00:20:04,110
mastic now thank you so much for taking

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the time to speak with us today this has

473
00:20:13,600 --> 00:20:07,200
been a wonderful experience and we

474
00:20:17,990 --> 00:20:16,730
thank you very much I wish Kevin Ford

475
00:20:19,340 --> 00:20:18,000
could be here with us but from Chris

476
00:20:21,680 --> 00:20:19,350
Hadfield and Tom Marshburn and

477
00:20:30,320 --> 00:20:21,690
expedition 34 is wonderful talking to

478
00:20:34,850 --> 00:20:32,730
station this is Houston ACR that

479
00:20:37,470 --> 00:20:34,860
concludes the event thank you

480
00:20:39,509 --> 00:20:37,480
Thank You Mel Metropolitan Arts